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Georgia Tech embraces artificial intelligence with new “digital sandbox” that will equip students with resources in the age of AI

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The Georgia Institute of Technology is embracing the age of artificial intelligence. 

Earlier this month, Georgia Tech unveiled its new AI Makerspace on campus, described as a “digital sandbox”, that aims to facilitate access to resources for students to become proficient in emerging tools and advance AI.

The makerspace is a project launched in conjunction with NVIDIA, a leader in the AI space today. Georgia Tech makerspaces are largely student-led workspaces where students’ creativity and innovation are allowed to run free. The university had five makerspaces listed on their website before the introduction of the AI Makerspace, with focuses ranging across multiple like electrical, mechanical, aerospace.

The AI Makerspace was described as a “dedicated computing cluster paired with NVIDIA AI Enterprise software” in a blog post from Georgia Tech, which also described the power of the new graphic processing units (GPUs): “To put this computational power into perspective, it would take a single NVIDIA H100 GPU one second to come up with a multiplication operation that would take Georgia Tech’s 50,000 students 22 years to achieve.”

In short, the makerspace is going to have some serious computing power and strengthen the school as a tech hub of the country. 

Atlanta Mayor Andre Dickens commented on the space after the announcement, commending Georgia Tech on their efforts.

“Partnerships with industry leaders such as NVIDIA propel our students and workforce toward tomorrow, further enhancing Atlanta’s status as an innovation hub,” Dickens said.

Matthieu Bloch, a professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs of Georgia Tech’s College of Engineering, said he is thrilled for the students to have access to this technology.

“I’m jealous, actually, because I wish I could be in their shoes,” Bloch said. “This kind of computing power is not something I could have dreamt of,” he added, referencing when he was a graduate student at Georgia Tech in the early 2000s. 

He added that laptops were just becoming widely used and available around that time, but that nowadays the computing power needed to make strides in the AI space is not found in standard computers.

“If you want to do something that is meaningful for industry, and work on real world problems, you need the sort of computing power that goes way beyond your laptop,” Bloch said. “I think it’s awesome that Georgia Tech is offering this to the students now so that they can be trained on things that are connected to real world problems.”

Bloch said that average students had access to about 8 teraflops — a measure of computing performance — but the AI Makerspace will allow around 67 teraflops. Additionally, memory is expanded from about 12 gigabytes to 80 gigabytes due to the hardware and software upgrades.

One of the focuses on this space has been its role in “democratizing AI” — increasing access to these technologies — according to the school. What this exactly looks like, however, is still being refined. Phase one of the space was building the initial infrastructure and opening the space to classroom instruction for a pilot class around the fundamentals of machine learning. 

Moving forward, the university plans to embed AI — and the AI Makerspace resource — into more curriculum. It recently created a novel AI minor, and has plans to integrate AI into their premier CREATE-X entrepreneurial program along with the addition of classes centered around AI. That same blog post said that in the fall semester, the AI Makerspace will be incorporated into all eight engineering disciplines. Moreover, that AI minor will be available to students in the college of engineering as well as the university’s school of liberal arts, to ensure an ethics and policy aspect to the minor.

Bloch said he has hopes that the AI Makerspace will capture the inclusive spirit of the other makerspaces, with student peer leaders who can guide other students, and students being able to come in and out in a collaborative environment and tinker as desired. 

Still, with these technologies are in their infancy, it will be a process of defining what this looks like and then redefining it. Although there is a physical space that the hardware occupies, the hardware is what allows the innovation done on the software — in cyberspace, essentially — to be advanced. 

“The challenge we have is making students understand that just because you can’t see it, doesn’t mean there’s not a resource behind it,” Bloch said. “You go to the [other] physical makerspace, you don’t waste 3D printing materials — you’re careful with wood and metal and try to be conservative. Because [AI] is in the cloud you don’t see it, but there is an energy cost; you’re using computing time.”

Bloch added he and other project leaders will keep this in mind and work to ensure students understand the carbon footprint of consumed energy it takes to use the resource.

Machine learning and AI, albeit in earlier forms, are not exactly new. Researchers have been advancing these tools, alongside hardware advancements for more powerful computing, for decades. Although it may seem like AI is a new concept to many of the general public, it has been a steady progress, and Bloch is excited to see how more attention and investments into AI tools will allow for further advancements.

“The big future of AI is not just generating videos or ChatGPT,” said Bloch, acknowledging those are some of the most popular components of AI today for the public. “Imagine when you take that and you start putting it in the physical world, where you’re using these sorts of interfaces to interact with robots, to interact with all sorts of systems that our students are designing.”

This is the driver for the focus on AI emerging tools, said Blanch: the recognized potential that machine learning could have to enhance the work of nearly every discipline.

“We’re really trying not to be prescriptive, but encouraging, because AI is here. It’s going to define the future, and we want all of our students to understand the tools in the context that matters,” Bloch said. 


Author’s note: Mark Lannaman is a Georgia Tech alumni of three graduate programs.

The post Georgia Tech embraces artificial intelligence with new “digital sandbox” that will equip students with resources in the age of AI appeared first on SaportaReport.

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Affordable housing initiative delivers 5 new Westside abodes

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Affordable housing initiative delivers 5 new Westside abodes Josh Green Tue, 04/30/2024 - 14:33

An initiative that’s delivered actual standalone houses as a means of pushing back against Atlanta’s affordable housing crisis has officially wrapped two miles due west of downtown.

Nonprofit organization City of Refuge and GROWTH Homes have cut the proverbial ribbon on five new-construction, single-family homes in Hunter Hills that officials say will help boost more vulnerable populations in a quickly growing area.

After breaking ground in May last year, the batch of houses was recently finished adjacent to City of Refuge’s campus at 1300 Joseph E. Boone Boulevard. The goal, according to project leaders, was to provide pathways to homeownership for legacy residents with low to moderate incomes in the community.

Project reps tell Urbanize Atlanta each of the five homes has three bedrooms and square footages ranging from 1,310 to 1,388. They’ll sell for between $279,000 and $289,000. (For comparison’s sake, two renovated older homes of comparable size are currently on the market in the neighborhood, with prices of $350,000 and $400,000.)

Courtesy of City of Refuge

Courtesy of City of Refuge

One home is under contract with a City of Refuge staff member, and the other four are expected to be sold to buyers coming out of the organization’s pipeline, according to officials.

With the five new houses “we’re building a bridge to independence, stability, and equity for our city’s most vulnerable,” Bruce Deel, City of Refuge founder and CEO, said in a project announcement. “Some of these future homeowners will be residents currently living on City of Refuge’s campus, so to see them take that step is a true display of our mission at work.” 

Courtesy of City of Refuge

Location of City of Refuge offices and the new Joseph E. Boone Boulevard houses on Atlanta's Westside. Google Maps

The Westside homes mark City of Refuge’s third completed project.

The first, a rental community called The 1300, finished in summer 2020. And in March last year, a formerly vacant hotel property was unveiled as The 345, a 31-unit conversion project that caters to men on Atlanta’s Westside.

Ed Gorman, GROWTH Homes managing director, said the Hunter Hills project is part of the company’s broader effort to build 1,000 homes in partnership with the City of Atlanta. The work is made possible through collaborations with banking partners, often through Community Reinvestment Act investments, Gorman noted.

“We’re honored to contribute to City of Refuge’s impactful mission through the construction of these five homes,” Gorman said in a prepared statement, “knowing they will put affordable homeownership within reach of historically underserved homebuyers."

Find more context and a closer look at the recently built housing options in the gallery above.

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Location of City of Refuge offices and the new Joseph E. Boone Boulevard houses on Atlanta's Westside. Google Maps

One of five new-construction homes recently completed. Courtesy of City of Refuge

Courtesy of City of Refuge

Courtesy of City of Refuge

Courtesy of City of Refuge

Courtesy of City of Refuge

Courtesy of City of Refuge

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City of Refuge cuts ribbon on third finished affordable homeownership project
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How Senior Week at the Capitol Contributed to New Funding for Aging Services

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It’s no secret that Georgia’s population is growing older and it’s doing so quickly.  In fact, by 2030, more than 20 percent of Georgians will be 60 or older.  The Atlanta Regional Commission and its partner organizations are committed to ensuring these older adults have the right support systems and services to age well. The Georgia Council on Aging (GCOA) is one of those partners that exists to advance the needs of older adults. 

The State of Georgia’s Legislature created GCOA in 1977 to be the leading statewide advocacy group working to improve the quality of life for older Georgians through public policy. GCOA consists of 20 council members appointed by the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Speaker of the House, and the Department of Human Services Commissioner, supported by a three-member staff. 

In turn, GCOA created the Coalition of Advocates for Georgia’s Elderly (CO-AGE) as a grassroots organization where members drive the focus and activities of the organization.  CO-AGE advocates with, and on behalf of, aging Georgians and their families to improve their quality of life through educating, advising, informing, and making recommendations concerning programs for the elderly in Georgia. 

Over the years, CO-AGE has influenced several areas of legislation such as: funding for senior services, caregiver support, elder abuse, and dementia support. 

Each year, members who join the organization can submit issues to be considered as top legislative and budget priorities. Members then vote on submitted issues to determine the top priorities and advocate for support of those priorities by state legislators. 

During the 2024 Legislative Session, CO-AGE lobbied for a $10 million increase in funding for non-Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS).  When the Session ended Thursday, March 28, legislators had allocated $550,000 in new funding for these vital services. The funding will help provide support for some of the more than 6,500 people who are currently on the non-Medicaid HCBS wait list which grew to more than twice its previous levels during peak COVID years.  

People waiting for services are looking for much needed care such as homemaker services, personal support services, and home-delivered meals. Receiving these services at home can help delay premature nursing home care by more than four years and appeals to older adults who, in general, state a preference in remaining in their familiar homes.  

There is also a benefit to Georgia taxpayers. In 2023, the average annual cost of HCBS per person was $1,516 versus an annual cost of $79,896 for nursing home care paid for by state Medicaid funding. 

Read on to learn more about Senior Day at the Capitol from participants’ perspectives.  

An Exciting Year at the Capitol for Those Advocating for Senior Services 

Each year, the Coalition of Advocates for Georgia’s Elderly (CO-AGE) hosts Senior Week, which includes various events, such as Senior Day at the Capitol. This event allows older adults to talk to their legislators about issues important to them. It’s a great way to speak their minds and be directly involved in making change. 

ARC Communications staffer, Jhazzmyn Joiner, spoke with Sharise Byrd, Strategic Planning and Quality Section Manager, who helped coordinate Senior Week. She served as the chairperson for Senior Day at the Capitol. Here’s what Sharise had to say: 

Q: What is Senior Week and why was it created?  

A: Senior Week was created for a couple of reasons. First, the event helps our older adults connect with their legislators and provides an opportunity to advocate for priorities that impact this cohort. It also helps to remind legislators of the power of older adults and makes sure they are not forgotten. We want to ensure that their priorities, needs, and focus areas are emphasized. Another important activity during the week is the recognition of the 2024 Distinguished Older Georgian who has made indelible impacts in their community and operates in leadership and servanthood. 

Q: Who participates and why? 

A: Senior week is a statewide activity, so there are constituents from intrastate. You have individuals from senior centers, various counties, and adult day health centers.  Many are savvy and advocate in their local areas and want to come see legislators at the capitol. Essentially, senior week is open to any older adult who wants to advocate for legislative initiatives. 

Q: What was special about this year?  

A: We registered over 400 participants and that’s the largest in-person group we have had post-COVID. Again, it’s not just metro-Atlanta. It’s regional and statewide, with seniors who are willing to commute and deal with challenges of standing for long periods of time, just to be sure their legislative voice is heard.  

Q: What was the big ask this year and how was it determined?  

A: Overall, the coalition’s job is to educate and advocate for older adults with the governor, legislative governor, various state commissioners (Department of Health and Human Services, Behavioral Health, etc.). Each year, Georgia’s CO-AGE advocates for an annual budget and legislative priorities.  Year-round, citizens are encouraged to become members of CO-AGE so they can vote on priorities in July. Organizations and individuals can join.  

This year CO-AGE members chose to advocate for updating the Georgia code for multidisciplinary teams for adult abuse, neglect, and exploitation. We asked for a bill to address medical aid in dying, which has been recommended to a study committee to conduct more research and oversight. The budget ask was additional funding for Home and Community-Based Services, to help move clients from our waitlist to actual services.   

Q: What was one exciting moment from the event this year?  

A: An exciting moment was seeing so many seniors at the capitol who are truly engaged in our democratic and legislative processes. I love seeing older adults who are still actively engaged in what is occurring within our state. 

This image shows aging advocates at the Capitol Senior Day.
Photo of Victoria Huynh, Sharise Thurman Byrd, and other aging advocates at the Capitol. Photo credits: Victoria Huynh.

ARC Partner, Mildred Schmelz, Recognized as the 2024 Distinguished Older Georgian 

In addition to advancing policy issues during Senior Week, legislators recognized an older adult for her contributions to advancing the needs of the senior population.  This year’s Distinguished Older Georgian is Mildred Schmelz, a 70-year-old native of Albany, Georgia. She currently resides in Henry County and has been an advocate for senior citizens and individuals with disabilities in the metro Atlanta area since 1975.  

Schmelz attended Albany Junior College, Emory School of Law (Audit), the National Center for Paralegal Training, and Strayer University. She worked 14 years for the Atlanta Legal Aid Society, Inc., 12 years in the In-house–Counsel Division of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta, and 10 years with Fulton County Government.  

Schmelz began her advocacy as a family law paralegal and administrative law paralegal representing battered women and persons with disabilities. She continued her advocacy on the Henry County Planning and Zoning Commission, discouraging gentrification. As Chair of the Henry Council on Aging, Inc., she organized the first visit by Henry County seniors to the Georgia State Capitol to engage with their state legislators.  

Schmelz enjoys being a part of Georgia Council on Aging, Inc. because the organization has given her an opportunity to engage with other seasoned adults and our Georgia state legislators on a more personal level. She loves the fact the Georgia Council on Aging is a collaborative organization combining many organizations working for the betterment of older adults who live in the State of Georgia. 

She has a passion for serving people and as a three-time breast cancer survivor she became a founding member and board member of the Harbor of Hope, Inc., a cancer support group. Schmelz and other advocates were successful in creating the first cancer wellness center at Piedmont Henry Hospital and the first boutique providing hats, scarves, wigs, bras, prosthesis, etc. for cancer patients and survivors free of charge. 

Following is a conversation ARC staff Jhazzmyn Joiner had with Ms. Schmelz after receiving her award.  

Q: Was this your first time attending Senior Day at the Capital? If not, how long have you been attending? 

A: This is not my first time. I have been involved with Georgia Council on Aging and Co-Age for several years pre-COVID. I served previously as a guide for older adults attending Senior Day to help them maneuver at the Capitol. I attended CO-AGE meetings for many years in Macon. I served as a member and Chair of the Henry County Council on Aging, and on the Atlanta Regional Commission’s Advisory Committee on Aging. As a member of these organizations, I have been involved in senior issues for many years. 

Q: What made you attend Senior Day at the Capitol?  

A: I feel the biggest impact comes from talking to legislators and asking for monies needed for older adults. I love talking to and engaging with legislators and making them understand the needs of older adults. 

Q: What did you hope to accomplish this year?  

A: Advocates for older adults and CO-AGE asked state legislators for $10 million in funding for non-Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services and a statewide adult abuse, neglect, and exploitation elder coalition. We asked for this money because it is much needed. We try to make sure legislators understand what these needs are.  

Q: How did things go? 

A: I think our visit to the state legislators went very well. I did not spend a lot of time with the legislators because of my awards ceremony, however, I’ve spoken to my state legislators, and I have all of them on speed dial, so I can pick up the phone and call them. 

Q: What was your favorite part of Senior Week this year? 

A: Every year, the sheer number of older adults who show up at the Capitol, advocating for themselves and other older adults – that’s always my favorite part. I probably should say that my favorite part this year was being awarded the Distinguished Older Georgian Awards, but I am always amazed at how many older adults show up. 

Q: What does it mean to you to be the Distinguished Older Georgian this year?  

A: First, it was a shock. Distinguished means respected and admired for excellence, both as a person and the work that one does. I don’t consider myself to be distinguished, but it’s an honor that others think of me as such. I’ve always tried to be an advocate, not just for older adults but because I am aging, it’s very important for me to advocate for myself and other older adults. It’s just engrained in me. 

Q: What happens next with the issues you brought to the capitol?  

A: The House and Senate approved a $550,000 increase. It is not nearly the amount we asked for, but it still makes a significant difference. 

Q: How do you feel knowing the bill got passed and that you were instrumental in that process?  

A: It is always good to know that one is instrumental in GOOD change, and I am no exception. 

Q: What would you say to anyone hoping to get involved or attend next year? 

A: I would say, that as older adults we should be the change that we want to see happen in this state. I would encourage younger people to support the issues that we have presented because one day, they are going to be old. Also, lots of younger people, if blessed and fortunate, have parents, grandparents, aunts, and uncles who are older. I’d say to these young people – advocate for them. 

The post How Senior Week at the Capitol Contributed to New Funding for Aging Services   appeared first on Empowerline.

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Why State Land Use Reform Should Be a Priority Climate Lever for America

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Why State Land Use Reform Should Be a Priority Climate Lever for America

New analysis from RMI finds that by encouraging better-located, less car-dependent communities, we can solve the nationwide housing shortage while dramatically cutting pollution.

Solving the US carbon pollution problem requires much more efficient and equitable use of its urban and suburban land. This means, first and foremost, more housing production in less car-dependent places. There are many policies that can help realize this — including ending exclusionary zoning; deregulating and pricing parking; eliminating minimum lot sizes, unit sizes, and setback requirements; legalizing accessory dwelling units (ADUs); and building permitting reform.

RMI analysis shows enacting state-level land use reform to encourage compact development can reduce annual US pollution by 70 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2033. This projection, based on 2023 data, underscores the potential for significant impact within a decade. It would deliver more climate impact than half the country adopting California’s ambitious commitment to 100% zero-emission passenger vehicle sales by 2035. Here’s another way of looking at this: addressing America’s chronic housing shortage intelligently — by building more housing where people most need it — can deliver similar climate impact as the country’s most aspirational transportation decarbonization policy. How’s that for a two-for-one deal?

About one-half of the pollution reduction associated with increasing conveniently-located housing would come from reduced travel: cars burning less gas and consuming less electricity. One-third would come from reduced vehicle manufacturing and upstream oil production. The remainder would come from preservation of natural carbon sinks that would otherwise be lost to sprawl and more efficient, less material-intensive buildings.

The case for statewide land use reform as a climate action tool

Globally, urban sprawl is directly or indirectly responsible for one-third of all greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution but is generally overlooked as a major contributor to the climate crisis. It spurs longer travel distances, greater car dependency, more embodied carbon in the built environment, less efficient buildings, more land consumption, and increased loss of natural carbon sinks.

Efficient urban and suburban development is one of the most powerful levers for climate action — in addition to its importance in addressing our cumulative shortage of 4 million homes (this is the current shortfall based on decades of underbuilding — we might need to build as many as 16 million homes on top of that to keep up with ongoing growth over the next decade). Compact, mixed-use communities mean shorter travel distances, more physical activity and improved health outcomes, more housing affordability, less construction material, more energy-efficient buildings, and less land and water consumption.

However, many local and state land use regulations incentivize the opposite. While we don’t yet have a national census of municipal zoning, an estimated 80 to 90 percent of American cities’ developable land is zoned exclusively for detached single-family housing. And even where construction of other home types is allowed, other restrictions, lengthy permitting timelines, excessive infrastructure-related fees for anything other than single-family homes, or other onerous approvals add to project costs and decrease the likelihood of homes being built.

Many municipalities have reformed or are working to reform their land use policies, but action at the state level offers a faster path to bigger impact. It creates the opportunity to build broader coalitions and helps prevent local officials from getting bogged down in local political battles.

Analysis and findings: Land use reform could reduce as much pollution as our most ambitious vehicle electrification policies

To better understand how compact development can impact GHG emissions related to transportation, the built environment, and land systems change, we estimated the potential impact of climate-friendly land use policies for all US states with the exception of Alaska (due to limited data). Our methodology is available here.

This analysis adds to the growing body of research pointing to the necessity of a holistic approach to transportation system decarbonization. Previous RMI work has shown that even with 70 million electric vehicles (EVs) on the road by 2030 (we’re at 2.4 million today), the United States would still need a 20 percent reduction in per-capita vehicle miles traveled (VMT) to meet climate targets.

We considered emissions associated with new housing a decade from now, using (1) population growth forecasts and housing underproduction data to project new housing construction, and (2) a census block level dataset estimating residential vehicle miles traveled (VMT) to determine transportation emissions in each state under different housing development scenarios. The housing production estimate assumes that states eliminate their existing housing shortages and accommodate projected population growth. To estimate the impact of building housing in compact, walkable, and transit-oriented communities with low VMT, the analysis included two scenarios: a business-as-usual (BAU) case, and a compact development case. The compact development case is defined based on each state’s existing driving patterns and assumes that most of the new housing can be placed in the 10 percent of neighborhoods in each state that have the lowest VMT today. In other words, we don’t assume that Texans are going to drive like New Yorkers, but it is fair to assume they can drive like other Texans.

Exhibit 1. Total emissions avoided through reduced driving, vehicle lifecycle pollution avoidance, and other pollution avoidance.

We analyzed three categories of pollution avoidance from land use reform: (1) Direct pollution avoidance from less driving, (2) indirect vehicle lifecycle pollution avoidance, and (3) rougher estimates for pollution avoidance from non-transportation sectors. “Direct pollution avoidance” considers emissions from gasoline and electricity consumption from vehicle operation. “Indirect vehicle lifecycle pollution” factors in emissions from vehicle manufacturing and upstream fuel production, averaged per mile over vehicle lifetime. The “non-transportation sector” estimates consider pollution avoidance associated with improved building energy efficiency, less construction material (and its associated embodied carbon), and preservation of natural land sinks otherwise lost to sprawl.

Land use reform could help us achieve direct pollution avoidance of 31 million tons of CO2e per year in 2033 — equivalent to nearly 30 percent of the country being covered by California’s ZEV target (i.e., 100 percent of passenger vehicle sales are ZEVs by 2035). When also considering other vehicle lifecycle and non-transportation sector pollution, the 70 million tons of CO2e per year in avoided pollution would amount to 60 percent of the emissions reductions that would result from all states adopting California’s ZEV target.

Most states have opportunities to address their housing shortages by encouraging construction in convenient, well-connected, amenity-rich locations. The difference to people would be profound; on average in the compact development scenario, people living in the new housing would be able to drive 40 percent less than the average for their states under BAU (i.e., if that housing were built in less convenient locations). Some states — those with large housing shortages — could see an overall per capita VMT reduction of over 9 percent, averaged over both new and existing housing (whose residents’ driving patterns are assumed unchanged in this analysis).

The map below illustrates the emissions savings per capita from land use reforms that enable compact development and transportation efficiency.

Exhibit 2: Emissions savings per capita in 2033 by enacting land use reforms that enable compact development and transportation efficiency.

The largest opportunity for pollution reduction is in states with the biggest housing shortages and largest anticipated population growth. In Texas, Colorado, and North Dakota, where the housing shortage hovers around 20 percent, land use reform could reduce statewide per capita VMT by up to 9 percent compared to BAU, equating to around 400-800kg CO2 per capita per year.

Other states, such as California and Oregon, have big housing shortages but show more moderate per capita emissions reductions because of lower anticipated population growth and a current VMT per capita that is lower than the national average.

States like West Virginia, Vermont, and Mississippi have low housing underproduction and low expected growth, meaning less impact from housing policy-based interventions relative to other states.

Exhibit 4: Total emissions savings from comprehensive nationwide land use reforms.

The overall potential for pollution reduction is highest in regions with the largest populations, most driving, and the most need for housing. Texas, California, and Florida stand out, followed by Georgia, North Carolina, Colorado, Washington, and Arizona.

The benefits of land use reform extend beyond pollution reduction

While this analysis largely focuses on pollution reduction, it is critical to acknowledge the other far-reaching benefits land use reform offers. First and most obviously, it would help address America’s housing shortage — and help to do it equitably, encouraging housing construction near economic opportunity, amenities, and public transit instead of on the exurban periphery and with the increased transportation burden that would come with it. Building new housing in urban cores can reduce housing costs across metro areas, including in low-income neighborhoods.

Reducing land consumption would not only preserve carbon sinks and valuable farmland, but also wetlands, grasslands, and forests, which can provide resilience against wildfires or floods. This type of development, with its shared outdoor spaces instead of single-family lawns, also lowers water consumption — especially relevant for communities across the Sunbelt and western United States. (A study of water use in California found that single-family homes in the state have double the outdoor water use of multifamily homes).

What’s next?

Land use regulation has long been considered an exclusively local issue, ignoring the spillover effects of municipal decisions on the broader region, country, and world. When municipalities constrain the supply of critical housing through overregulation and exclusionary policies — such as setting parking space minimums and single-family zoning — development often has nowhere to go except to surrounding jurisdictions. This harmful domino effect of sprawl not only contributes to rising housing costs, but forces residents to rely on expensive personal vehicles for their daily errands and commutes, locking in costs for their families and transportation emissions for decades to come. Besides its impact on the transportation system, sprawl also means more embodied carbon in the built environment, less efficient buildings, loss of natural carbon sinks, more water stress, and more communities exposed to flood and wildfire risk.

NIMBYism — often hyperlocal in nature — represents a major challenge for local governments looking to reverse these policies, which is why statewide reform is critical. To overcome these barriers and address the challenge of distributed decision-making, a unified approach that blends policy innovation with broad-based cooperation is essential. While a complete rundown of required reforms is beyond the scope of this article, the Terner Center for Housing Innovation at UC Berkeley has a helpful report on the topic. (And it will also be a focus of future work at RMI.)

With federal agencies now encouraging land use and zoning reform policies, states that consider these solutions in their planning may have a competitive advantage in securing federal funding. States can coordinate regional land use development through legislative and agency action, and from Montana to Maine, we’re starting to see it happen. We need plenty more of it, and we need it fast.

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Atlanta may give pedestrians head start to cross intersections

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Atlanta officials hope to lower the risk of pedestrian collisions.

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A.I. Start-Ups Face a Rough Financial Reality Check

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The table stakes for small companies to compete with the likes of Microsoft and Google are in the billions of dollars. And even that may not be enough.

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